Historically Black Colleges and Universities

Prester John - Important Figure for Geography

Prester John - Important Figure for Geography In the twelfth century, a mysterious letter began to circulate around Europe. It told of a magical kingdom in the East that was in danger of being overrun by infidels and barbarians. This letter was supposedly written by a king known as Prester John. The Legend of Prester John Throughout the Middle Ages, the legend of Prester John sparked geographic exploration across Asia and Africa. The letter first surfaced in Europe as early as the 1160s, claiming to be from Prester (a corrupted form of the word Presbyter or Priest) John. There were over one-hundred different versions of the letter published over the following few centuries. Most often, the letter was addressed to Emanuel I, the Byzantine Emperor of Rome, though other editions were also often addressed to the Pope or the King of France. The letters said that Prester John ruled a huge Christian kingdom in the East, comprising the three Indias. His letters told of his crime-free and vice-free peaceful kingdom, where honey flows in our land and milk everywhere abounds. (Kimble, 130) Prester John also wrote that he was besieged by infidels and barbarians and he needed the help of Christian European armies. In 1177, Pope Alexander III sent his friend Master Philip to find Prester John; he never did. Despite that failed reconnaissance, countless explorations had the goal of reaching and rescuing Prester Johns kingdom that had rivers filled with gold and was the home of the Fountain of Youth (his letters are the first recorded mention of such a fountain). By the fourteenth century, exploration had proved that Prester Johns kingdom did not lie in Asia, so subsequent letters (published as a ten-page manuscript in several languages), wrote that the besieged kingdom was located in Abyssinia (present-day Ethiopia). When the kingdom moved to Abyssinia after a 1340 edition of the letter, expeditions and voyages began to head to Africa to rescue the kingdom. Portugal sent expeditions to find Prester John throughout the fifteenth century. The legend lived on as cartographers continued to include the kingdom of Prester John on maps through the seventeenth century. Throughout the centuries, the editions of the letter kept getting better and more interesting. They told of strange cultures that surrounded the kingdom and a salamander that lived in fire, which actually turned out to be the mineral substance asbestos. The letter could have been proven a forgery from the first edition of the letter, which copied exactly the description of the palace of Saint Thomas, the Apostle. Though some scholars think that the basis for Prester John came from the great empire of Genghis Khan, others conclude it was merely a fantasy. Either way, Prester John profoundly affected the geographical knowledge of Europe by stimulating interest in foreign lands and sparking expeditions outside of Europe.

Human nature in the light of Revelation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human nature in the light of Revelation - Essay Example The divide between God and man was the result of human sin and fall from heaven. But even in a fallen position, modern man is under obligation to observe righteousness by refraining from lies during our existence. Human beings must therefore cultivate real liberty by behaving in a way that is both natural and moral as the first humanity did before sin separated them with God. GS adds that in total despair, there is a heavenly spirit of conscience within the midst of human beings. Death is therefore a painful reminder to humans, of the life in the beginning; it spreads a spirit of melancholy and despair in people’s souls, but strongly delivers the message of the significance and might of God when human beings have no hope left in our hearts. Death has been, according to GS, a natural vocation by God in the current environment. Then GS proceeds with the argument, drawing upon the anthropological aspect of theology in Jesus Christ, the First Man, and the human existence being at the whims of the Supreme Deity (Schu 64). By virtue of Jesus being the God’s son and messenger, He creates the God’s power in human beings by taking the form of a human being, and through God’s spiritual power, Jesus redeems the image and integrity of man who is naturally a sinner. Jesus, therefore, midwifes the spiritual redemption of human beings (Healy 34-41). Through Jesus association with the common man, the God’s Son casts into history the influence of a rejuvenated but rarely seen recognition that individual aspirations can only be achieved when one is in a communion. In Jesus, the typical modern man is, therefore, expected to fulfil supernatural love by expressing love to their neighbours. This implies that only a candid gift of individuality effectively satisfies human character, and the Supreme Deity exposes His intimate nature in Jesus in order to enable human beings to appreciate this natural gift. This implies that God’s natural love s upports and strengthens communal love (Torrell 252-259). GS therefore jogs human memory that communal love basically embodies the success of the modern man. Love is therefore the fruitful aspect of human understanding and willingness that survives in human liberty. It is this importance of love as the satisfaction of the supernatural will and spirit of God that forms the basis of John Paul II’s philosophy of modern man and the importance of the body. Theology of the body by Pope John Paul II Pope John Paul II wrote important philosophies such as theology of man in Gaudium et Specs. A number of important concepts of his philosophy were aimed at restructuring the mentality of the Catholic Church to be in line with the modern thinking of evolved man. In this important edict, the Pope underscored the significance of re-examining one’s relationship with Christ in the early 21st Century. He argued that the modern man would not be rescued from sin and challenges of life by a strategy, but by an important eternal Man (Schu 65). In the â€Å"Gaudium et Specs†, the Pope underscored the closeness of man to God and the former’s reliance on the Supreme Deity and His aspirations. He argued that without the God as the Creator, there would be no creation. In light of this, freedom of the body is dependent upon the truth (Torrell 267). The pope’s theology of the body, therefore, discredits submission of oneself to contingency and scepticism as the quest for non-existent

Equal Importance of Reason and Emotion in Justifying Moral Decisions Essay

Equal Importance of Reason and Emotion in Justifying Moral Decisions - Essay Example However moral values are always theoretical. Consequently, there had been a difference of opinion among the scholars and philosophers, while defining moral values. In addition, there had been widespread debate over the applicability of reason and emotion to justify moral decisions. One such philosopher, David Hume argued that reason can be construed as a slave to the personal emotions. In contrast to this, Kant addressed the importance of reason in the process of taking moral decisions. Antonio Damsio, the author of Descartes’ Error, had maintained that the theories of Hume and Kant cannot be correct, because reason and emotion do not oppose each other diametrically. He also stated that the processes that take place in the brain were intertwined and complicated (Ingham). The human brain plays a key role in the moral decision making process, whenever the situation warrants such a decision. The brain acts according to the situation in which the moral decision had been taken. In situations, where it is necessary to take some action with regard to a moral dilemma, several factors have to be taken into consideration, before arriving at a correct resolution for the moral dilemma. Furthermore, it is important to apply the highest possible rational deliberation (Moral Judgment Fails Without Feelings). In certain situations, there could be a need to take immediate decisions. In such circumstance the emotions would take an active part in resolving the issue on hand.

Coursework Ecotourism Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ecotourism - Coursework Example Similarly, another objective of ecotourism is to improve the ecological state of the visited sites, i.e. improving life in marine and life in seas and oceans (Fennell & Dowling, 2003). This report is assessing the ecotourism activity associated to dolphins, which are one of the species that are most challenged due to natural resources’ depletion. Concerning to dolphins’ ecology, the argument stands out that due to human-derived impact such as the environmental pollution, eutrophication, and exploitation of the seas and oceans, dolphin’s life is under threat. The objective of this report is to find out that how ecotourism is facilitating the ecological conservation of dolphins. What challenges ecologists face while they tour areas populated with dolphins will be answered in this report. The subject of ecotourism will be further be studied and comprehended in this report. What are Dolphins? In order to understand ecotourism with respect to dolphins, it is primarily important to understand dolphins in their nature. Therefore, this section is describing dolphins, their behavior, their ecology and their living patterns in changing water conditions (Viddi & Ribeiro, 2004). Dolphins are marine mammals mostly categorized in the families of porpoises and whales. Dolphins fall in 17 genera and are discovered in almost 40 different species (Garrod & Wilson, 2003). Dolphins are warm-blooded and precisely keep the companionship and friendly behavior with humans. Almost 34 dolphins are considered as marine dolphins while the remaining 6 species are popularly known as river dolphins (Viddi & Ribeiro, 2004). Dolphins are sharp. They are smart and considered as the most intelligent mammals. Their intelligence makes them distinctive among all the mammals (Garrod & Wilson, 2003). Moreover, their response and action carry the great remark by researchers and ecologists (The Dolphin Institute, 2002). The contemporary studies assert that dolphins are mostly found in oceans and seas. They live in blue waters and also found in sea aquatic regions. Dolphins are mostly in groups (Garrod & Wilson, 2003). The ecological researchers describe that dolphins are familiar with group patterns and group environments. In this way, dolphins live in a team format. They catch food collaboratively and interact with the environment and humans in the synergetic way. All these characteristics describe dolphins as unique and distinctive mammals (Gale, 2001). Dolphins and Ecotourism The Reynolds-Braithwaite Model In order to identify effects which dolphins have in their environments, the Reynolds-Braithwaite Model can be brought into significant application. This model is effectively applied in ecotourism practices, especially when tours are arranged to study dolphins and their natural instinct (Fennell, 2007). The model consists of two sections in which one section asserts the effects on wildlife (dolphins) and the other displays the intensity of experience on w ildlife. Below is how the model demonstrates two different sections: (Fennell, 2007) This model asserts intensity of experience on dolphins. The model assists eco-tourists on surveying a particular destination of dolphins. It comes out as a supportive demonstrating tool for researchers investigating wildlife (Fennell, 2007). Risks on Dolphins’ Conservation Applying the Reynolds-Brai

Changes In Policies Directed Toward Poverty Social Policy Essay

Changes In Policies Directed Toward Poverty Social Policy Essay This assignment will examine the transformation of social welfare policy that was established and implemented during the course of the 19th and early 20th centuries to address the problem of poverty and to assist the poor at a time when rapid industrialisation hit Britain. These policies had been developed throughout this period using a combination of both state and charitable sector intervention that expanded and contracted at different levels within both sectors at different times. The assignment will be structured to incorporate the following distinct yet associated elements: Initially, I will explain what relief system/policy was in place to address rural and urban poverty leading up to the early part of the 19th century. Then, I will go on to set the environmental context in terms of how the rapid industrialisation that occurred in Britain could have contributed towards exacerbating the poverty being experienced by local communities and individuals during the early 19th century. I will then go on to concentrate on those policies and interventions that were introduced and/or endorsed by the state to specifically address poverty and help the poor; whilst considering in parallel, the differing perceptions of success and failure that surfaced during the implementation of these policies spanning a timeline of the 1800 1939 period. An integral part of this will include the differential categorisations and views on poverty that existed and subsequently evolved during this time period. Main body From the introduction of the Elizabethan Poor Law Act of 1601, those who were considered as deserving poor received relief from within their parish, which was subsidised by a compulsory poor rate levied on each parishs land and property owners. This was intended to give local control and responsibility for reducing the poverty being experienced by the poor, young, infirm or elderly within communities. These deserving poor were provided with what was termed Outdoor Relief in the form of either monetary payment or in-kind relief such as food, rent or clothes which enabled them to stay at home. Those who were classed as poor impotent people (2002, pg 11) and unable to help themselves, alongside the able bodied poor who were set to work, were provided with indoor relief within workhouses. This system continued well in to the late 18th century until the introduction of the Gilberts Act which advocated that workhouses should become poorhouses, run by poor law parish unions, to help only th e sick, the orphaned or the elderly. Joseph Townsend subsequently expressed his disapproval of this approach: and said that the workhouses operate like the figures which we set to scare the birds, till they have learnt first to despise them then to perch upon the objects of their terror. (Townsend 1788 cited in Spicker 1984, pg 10) The able-bodied poor could still claim outdoor relief but would be expected to find employment outside of the union workhouse, therefore poverty and poor relief problems became compounded further during a time of agricultural depression when wages were low and unemployment and population numbers were on the increase. By the early part of the 19th century the poor relief system was under significant strain as poor rates escalated, food prices were higher and the worlds first industrial society was spawned as industrialisation hit Britain. This was to be a period of rapid industrial advance and unprecedented urban growth; of major shifts in patterns of occupation (chiefly from agricultural to industrial and service) and of economic insecurity for many. (Kidd,1999; pg 4) Technological advancement moved into rural communities, and the agricultural labourer was replaced with more cost efficient machinery, such as horse powered threshing machines. This meant that agricultural workers and their families had little choice but to move to the more industrious towns and urban cities where wages were higher and there were more opportunities for work within factories, particularly in the textiles, transport and mining sectors. In reality, this optimistic view taken by those looking to escape the difficulties of the countryside and improve their standard of living would be faced with other prohibiting factors and subsequent poverty within the mass working class neighbourhoods would be harshly realised in various ways. Within the cities people were living in cheaply built, overcrowded terraced housing, which had inadequate sanitation and few amenities. Within the factories, conditions were no better as workers were subject to working unprotected around dangerous machinery, whilst working long hours for unduly low wages and receiving harsh punishments for non compliance. Similarly, employers could freely use child labour which they felt aided poor families by giving their children work from the age of five years upwards, much to the detriment of a childs education which was fated due to no enforced legislation being in place. In addition, there were increasingly instances of poor malnutrition that existed in families which was associated to the costly prices of food, therefore poor factory workers could usually only afford to buy rotten items. Taking into account all of these factors, the families of manual workers were always vulnerable to unemployment, sickness, old age or the death of the breadwinner, which reduced them to pauperism (Royle, 1997; pg 162) New Poor Law As population growth reached an unprecedented level, poor relief costs were also rising as more people were falling into a spiral of poverty and pauperism rather than benefiting from the increased wages and improved standard of living that optimists of the industrial revolution predicted. Politicians recognised that the current poor law system of 1601 needed to undergo considerable reform as there were clearly widespread frustrations on the back of what Malthus argued as providing encouragement to illegitimacy (Spicker et al 2007; pg 148) through the provision of family child allowance and that outdoor relief will diminish both the power and the will to save among the common people (Malthus cited in Kidd 1999; pg 21) inadvertently forcing more people towards poverty. Malthus subsequently concluded in saying that dependent poverty ought to be held disgraceful and the poor laws abolished. (Englander 1998; pg 9) Social reformer and laissez-faire economist Jeremy Bentham argued for a more disciplinary and corrective approach and believed in the primacy of the free competitive market in the solution of social problems. (Englander, 1998, pg 10) In 1832 in response to the pressures highlighted above a Royal Commission on the Poor Law was appointed, consisting of 9 members and several assistant commissioners ranging from economists to social reformers e.g. Edwin Chadwick. Their remit was to identify the flaws in the current poor relief system and make recommendations for a new, more cost efficient model for implementation. In the midst of this review, the first policy move against child labour occurred in the form of the Factory Act of 1833, whereby children younger than nine were not allowed to work, children were not permitted to work at night and the work day of youth under the age of 18 was limited to twelve hours. (INSERT SOURCE) After much assessment of fact and statistics in conjunction with the previous influential ideas portrayed by Malthus and Bentham the New Poor Law Report was published in 1834, that concluded the law itself was the cause of poverty. This led to the subsequent endorsement of the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 that focused on the ethos of instilling a work discipline whilst controlling the costs of poor relief (Pierson, 2009). In order to do this, the act placed its emphasis on putting the deterrent workhouse at its core with the guiding concept of less eligibility which would distinguish between the able-bodied pauper and the independent poor and automatically weed out the merely work- shy from the truly indigent (Brundage, 2002; pg 35). Consequently, the pauper would experience poorer conditions within the workhouse than the lowest living standards of an independent labourer. The workhouse would resemble the layout and mechanics of a correctional institution, comprising segregation (a mongst different classes), uniformity, tedious work, a controlling discipline and the bare minimum in food and accommodation. This it was hoped would ultimately deter the able bodied from applying for indoor relief in favour of finding employment to survive, whilst simultaneously improving the ethical nature of the indolent people it housed and to encourage their eventual liberation. The Act also proposed to abolish all outdoor relief, however this actually persisted to provide assistance up until the 1840s as there were insufficient workhouses built to house the inevitable increase in paupers who would not get help outside. Another key feature that remained was the guardians control of the stringent settlement laws which would help avoid a large influx of paupers from the rural villages, thus keeping costs for the urban tax payer at a manageable level. At the start of the Victorian era in 1837 the view on poverty remained as one of self responsibility and character, whereby the individual was considered responsible for his/her own actions and subsequent survival in life irrespective of the environment they were living in. This opinion gathered momentum as people continually failed to or were reluctant to find a job, thus leading to the increased dependency on the state and little or no inclination to save money as a means of supporting themselves through difficult circumstances and into their old age. This became exacerbated further by those who simply ventured down the path of petty crime, sexual immorality, idleness and insobriety, which were defects which could be overcome by discipline and new attitudes (Townsend, 1993; pg 97); and thus further supported the principles and establishment of the deterrent workhouse system. As the 1840s progressed; the guardians began to reduce the levels of outdoor relief being distributed to the able bodied poor. People were becoming shamed and increasingly aware that to be considered for relief they would be expected to perform some work tasks with a view to accessing employment, otherwise they would be faced with the harsh reality of having to enter the workhouse with their families. Subsequently, people began to recognise the emerging stigma attached to relief and would focus their efforts on finding work and other means of assistance before succumbing to the indignities of the Poor Law and the ultimate indignity of a pauper funeral (Alcock et al, 2008; pg 13). This was similarly echoed by Jeremy Bentham who argued that people did what was pleasant and would not do what was unpleasant so that if people were not to claim relief, it had to be unpleasant (Spicker, 2007; pg 148) At this time the severe measures and conditions within the workhouse system were receiving a barrage of criticism and opposition from the religious sector and workers unions which led to the review and further amendments of the Amendment Act, removing the harshest measures of the workhouses. The Andover workhouse scandal, where conditions in the Andover Union Workhouse were found to be inhumane and dangerous, prompted a government review and the abolishment of the Poor Law Commission, which was replaced with a Poor Law Board. In 1842 Edwin Chadwick wrote and published a report made the statement that sanitation After the influenza and typhoid epidemics in 1837 and 1838, Edwin Chadwick was asked by the government to carry out a new enquiry into sanitation. His report, The Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population was published in 1842. In the report Chadwick argued that disease was directly related to living conditions and that there was a desperate need for public health reform. Over 7,000 copies of the report was published and it helped create awareness of the need for government to take action in order to protect the lives of people living in Britains towns and cities. Sir Robert Peel and his Conservative administration were unwilling to support Chadwicks recommendations. A pressure group, the Health of Towns Association, was formed in an effort to persuade Peels government to take action. However, it was only after the 1847 General Election, when Lord John Russell became leader of a new Liberal government, that new legislation was introduced. In 1848 Parliament passed a Public Health Act that provided for the formation of a Central Board of Health. This new body had powers to create local boards to oversee street cleansing, refuse collection, water supply and sewerage systems Edwin Chadwick Sanitation Report (1842) Charitable/self help movement COS (1869) Slum clearance freeing up land for housing developers (1870) Charles Booth (class division/ income) / Seebohm Rowntree Sanitation/Environment studies Physical deterioration/health Boer War National fitness Committee on physical deterioration Settlement Houses to mix upper class in with poor communities Bibliography Alcock, C., Daly, G. and Griggs, E. (2008) Introducing Social Policy, 2nd ed., London: Longman Brundage, A. (2002) The English Poor Laws 1700-1930, Basingstoke: Palgrave Englander, D. (1998) Poverty and Poor Law Reform in 19th Century Britain, 1834-1914 From Chadwick to Booth, Harlow: Longman Kidd, A. (1999) State, Society and the Poor in Nineteenth-Century England,Basingstoke: Macmillan Royle, E. (1997) Modern Britain: A Social History 1750-1985, 2nd ed., London: Arnold Spicker, P. (1984) Stigma and Social Welfare, Kent: Croom Helm Spicker, P., Alvarez Leguizamon, S. and Gordon, D. (2007) Poverty: an international glossary, 2nd ed., London: Zed Townsend, P. (1993) The International Analysis of Poverty, London: Harvester Wheatsheaf

Organising tour for Signed Act :: essays research papers

In order to organise a tour for a signed act, it takes the efforts of management, the record company, agent and promoter. Although each have their individual responsibilities and ways of working it is required of them to work together as a team in order to make a tour possible, or even for just one gig. They each contribute an essential part of the process and organisational strategies and without co-operation of each unit organising a tour would be practically impossible. Disagreements could cause much of an inconvenience and the music industry being so large with so many people disagreements are not uncommon as everyone has their own opinion. Compromise is perhaps the only key, therefore working with open minded people makes it much easier. Often the job descriptions of each unit intersect and are hard to define, which can sometimes be helpful as different people can do the same job from different angles, however it can also get confusing and cause problems often being the result of communicational breakdowns. In this essay we shall study what each unit does and how they work together looking at the advantages and disadvantages of certain aspects and perhaps discuss ways in which the system could be improved. Management The management company works with the artist more so than anyone else. They play a dominant role in their interaction with people in the music industry (agents, promoters, record labels). Their own interaction with the artist is direct and they often have a freindly relationship with the artist. I spoke to an unsigned rock band with a management contract to find out exactly what they do for them. Their management company were an established music company who create music for adverts and therefore have knowledge and contacts within the industry. They provide the band with financial backing for equipment, recording sessions and any other finances to support the band. They also act as an agent for the band and book gigs by contacting promoters and promoters also often contact them. Their relationship with the band is very friendly and are on terms were they both work for each other. Their management push and motivate the band to work as hard as they can to improve their material and perhaps influence it to be what a record company might want to hear. They are usually responsible for any exposure the band receive, for example interviews, airtime, music journals etc.

Loneliness in Of Mice And Men Essay

John Steinbeck wrote Of Mice And Men in 1937. The story is about two men called George and Lennie. They travelled together from ranch to ranch looking for a job. Lennie is a big and he is dumb. They had travelled together for a long time. The story Of Mice and Men is set in 1930s America. At this time there was a depression in America. Unemployment was high, so people would move from ranch to ranch looking for work. Candy, Crooks and Curleys Wife are the loneliest people on the ranch. Curley’s wife is possibly the loneliest of the characters, as she is the only woman on the ranch and the men are all afraid to talk to her. This shows she must have a really lonely life. Curley’s wife only flirts with the workers because it is the only way she knows to get her attention. The reason Curleys wife wanted to speak to Lennie in chapter five is that she doesn’t have anyone to talk to. She tells Lennie this, saying â€Å"You can talk to people, but I can’t talk to nobody but Curley. Else he gets mad. How’d you like not to talk to anybody† Candy is an old man with only one arm. He had an old dog but he let Carlson kill it. Candy was very attached to his old dog, as he had been with the dog since it was a pup, he was his only friend. He feels guilty that he let a stranger kill it. Candy is afraid that he will be sacked when he is no longer any use. He knows that he will have nowhere to go when he gets fired, so when he hears George and Lennie talking about getting their own place, asks them to take him with them, and offers them enough money so that at the end of the month they will be able to afford to buy the place. After his dog’s death, Candy seems desperate to leave the ranch. To make George and Lennie sure that he wants the place he tells them â€Å"I will make a will and leave my share to you guys in case I kick off, because I ain’t got no relatives nor nothing†. Crooks is a black man with a crooked back. He is the only black man on the ranch and is not allowed in the bunkroom because of his colour. Crooks knows that black people are thought of as such, as when Curleys wife tells him that if he tells the boss to ban her from the barn she would get him hung, he simply replies yes mamma. Crooks spends his time alone reading and is a fairly knowledgeable person, as he owns a copy of the California civil code for 1905. He also plays horseshoes until dark, but is not allowed into the bunkhouse to play cards, as the others claim he stinks. He is nasty to Lennie at first, as he thought Lennie shouldn’t be in his room, as he is banned from the bunkhouse. When he finds out Lennie is harmless however, he lets him stay for some company. He hasn’t really spoken to anyone for a long time, and is eager for Lennie’s company. He shows this when he claims books ain’t no good. A guy needs somebody to be near him and à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ a guy goes nits if he ain’t got anybody. He wants to join in with George, Lennie and Candy to get the place as he is discriminated against at the ranch. I don’t think loneliness is a problem to George and Lennie, as, like Lennie loves saying to George, I’ve got you to look after me, and you got me to look after you George says about ranchers that travel alone, guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. They got no family, they don’t belong no place’s One of the things that binds George and Lennie together is that they share a common dream, to buy their own land, and live off of the fatta the land The fact that they travel together makes them believe that one day they will really get enough money together to do this, and they nearly had the chance. The reason loneliness was such a problem in 1930s America is that no one ever settled anywhere long enough to make any ties or get to know anyone.

Essay on Letter To The Edditor Finnal

Essay on Letter To The Edditor Finnal Essay on Letter To The Edditor Finnal Government, not a wise spender Dear Sir/Madam, Australians are blessed with abundance in life so how about we share it and make this world into a better and cheerful place. Australia, being a developed country with wealth and complete fairness should strongly reconsider its needless government spending. Being a first world country, Australia does not face any major problems compared to issues faced in third world countries such as Kenya, Iran and Pakistan. As we all know and are aware that poverty is a greater issue in our modern society compared to not having a big and stylish Lamborghini or not enough money to buy alcohol or makeup. Looking at the Australian budget there are several unnecessary spending and wasting of resources on fulfilling wants compared to people’s needs of people in third world country. Roughly $13.5 billion can be used for a good cause compared to wasting the resources we have. Australia being an active member in the United Nations makes several promises on helping the disadvantaged whereas in reality it fails to see the loopholes in its government spending. Is $8.6 million worth spending on just advertising? The Australian government spends more than $8.6 million on advertising while campaigning. It is clearly inhuman to spend such a large amount just on an advertisement whereas it could be used to save an entire village in underdeveloped countries. Not only saves their life but also brings a huge smile and happiness into their life. Spending on advertisements later becomes a competition and increases stress, then why do not we spend that money on saving a life’s and spreading happiness instead of sadness and stress. Would the tax payers of Australia be happy if three hundred thousand dollars were spent by the government on to research and develop new beers with distinctive and desirable new flavours, would you rather like if the government used that money to provided fresh and clean drinking water to underdeveloped countries? It is heartless if we believe new flavoured beer is

Silas Marner- George Eliot essays

Silas Marner- George Eliot essays What is the situation that Godfrey Cass finds himself in and what, if anything, does he intend to do about it? Explain this predicament with reference to Chapter 3 of Silas Marner. Godfrey, who ironically describes as  ¡a fine open-faced good natured young man ¡, disregards the fact that he already has much to hide. His secret marriage to Molly Farren, who is a drunken opium addict, is considered a  ¡blight ¡ on his life. Meanwhile, his arrogant brother, Dunstan, who trapped him into the marriage, constantly blackmails him and  ¡saw in his brother ¡s degrading marriage the means of gratifying at once his jealous hate and his cupidity. ¡ Hence, Godfrey is panic in facing this dilemma and does not know how to cope with this situation. The consequence of his misdeed worries him a lot. He wavers and dithers in whether disclosing his secret marriage by himself, which is certain that embarrassment would result. His second thought is to keep the secret and to be uncertain when betrayals will come. Definitely, the weakling Godfrey prefers the latter suggestion. On the other hand, his devotion towards Nancy Lammeter and his strong desire to marry her make him suffers and complicates the situation. As he cannot withstand the possibility of losing her when  ¡the ugly secret was disclosed ¡. One afternoon, Godfrey and Dunstan get into a bitter argument over one hundred pounds that Godfrey has lent Dunstan, money that was in fact from one of their father ¡s tenants. Dunstan, however, tells Godfrey to come up with the money himself, otherwise he would tell their father about his secret marriage. Growing increasingly irritated and agitated by Dunstan, Godfrey angrily threatens to tell their father about the money and his marriage himself, thus getting Dunstan thrown out of the house along with him. Nevertheless, Godfrey, with his  ¡irresolution and moral cowardice ¡ would prevent him to take ...

Nature and Meditation in Romantic Poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Nature and Meditation in Romantic Poetry - Essay Example Thus poetry is the vehicle for the spiritual elevation of humankind. In the Western world, the Romantic Poets express their spiritual feelings through descriptions of nature .Although deeply religious, they see God through nature , unlike their predecessors for whom religion was a stern affair. English Romanticism ,in particular, presented a break with the tradition by its individualism and encouragement of the imagination .The Romantic poets experienced the most sublime through nature. Romanticism emerged in the late eighteenth century as an inevitable reaction against the empirical thinking and stern reasoning that was in vogue earlier. Philosophers like Rousseau(1712-1778)urged that only in nature that mankind could find freedom of spirit. The American Revolution and the French Revolution acted as catalysts for the Romantic Movement .William Wordsworth (1770-1850) and John Keats(1795-1821)were two of the greatest English Romantic poets who found inspiration in nature . In their poetry they use descriptions of nature to raise the mind to mystic heights. William Wordsworth, one of the foremost Romantic poets, brings out the feeling of "passionate meditation" in his famous poem, Tintern Abbey. The poem conveys a feeling of deep silence and meditation attained through connecting with nature. That on a wild secluded scene impress Thoughts of more deep seclusion; and connect The landscape with the quiet of the sky. (6,7,8) (Wordsworth 1798) According to Geoffrey Hartman, for Wordsworth nature is "not something to be worshipped and consumed, but always a guide, leading beyond itself."(Hartman,290)We see this even when he is at his most exuberant, describing daffodils in "I wandered lonely as a cloud" I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o'er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. (1-6)(Wordsworth 1803) The poet's heart sings at the eternal spectacle of nature "Lonely as a cloud" suggests the solitude needed for meditation, while,in contrast, "crowd, a host " expresses the feeling of multitudes. .He experiences a feeling akin to meditation which recurs whenever he is "in a pensive mood" , when the multitude of daffodils "flash upon the inward eye" with the ensuing "Bliss of solitude". "Tintern Abbey" is the outstanding work of Wordsworth published in 1798,and it shows how he developed a vivid and personal approach which connects meditation to sensation in a unique way. In this poem, the brilliant lyric is transcendental; the theme is exalted by the underlying love for his sister. The emotions compliment the visual scene, the memories enrich the moral ideas. Here he feels the presence which encourages him to meditate on the oneness of all things in nature. He rhapsodizes, And I have felt A presence that disturbs me with the joy Of elevated thoughts; a sense sublime Of something far more deeply interfused, Whose dwelling is the light of setting suns, And the round ocean and the living air, And the blue sky, and in the mind of man; A motion and a spirit that impels All thinking things, all objects of all thought, And rolls through all things.

Information law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Information law - Essay Example ed up to meet the rising challenges and prospects that comes with the possession of information in the citadel of political institutions has resulted in an ineffective imbalance between the political elite and the citizenry took up a massive campaign to reverse the trend; a product of this campaign has being the extension of these provisions to include the infamous Data Protection Act 1998. Notwithstanding these significant success chucked, a few years down the line the Act has generated mixed feelings and also generated unprecedented public interest. It is against this background that the central focus of this essay will be to conduct an exhaustive analysis of the most contending issues in the Data Protection Act 2000 within the context of the application of it to contemporary issues. Some observers are of the opinion that the innumerable exemptions in the Act have rendered it so feeble that it barely serves the purpose for which it was enacted. Whilst on the other hand, another school of thought holds a completely contrasting view of the Act as being an instrument that is lavishly granting arbitrary intrusive powers that are by themselves self-destructive; they primarily threaten social cohesion and sense of individuality. Essentially, the Data Protection Act 1998 is part of the general legal system that already has a number of legislations that boarder on the rights of information. They include among others the Common Law of Confidentiality, the European Convention on Human Rights and the Data Protection Act 1998 The government of the United Kingdom enacted and implemented the Data Protection Act 1998 through her parliament to provide the platform through which individuals are to be bestowed with the right to maintain a significant level of information from being disseminated to the public or third persons. In order words it can be said to be a form of privacy policy that safeguards the individual and other natural persons connected to him or her from